![]() ![]() Online attendance was preferred by students (averaging 64.9% of global attendance for lectures and 84.5% for exams), with abrupt increases during the worst episodes of the pandemic. Specific software tools were used for the in‐advance seat reservation and simultaneous online and in‐person class attendance, and examination tools and strategies, with a special emphasis on avoiding online cheating. The same strategy was used for exams: each student decided whether to take the exam in‐person or online. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation in comparison to the physical system while leveraging the resources provided by the cloud environment is carried out.ĭuring the first semester of 2020–2021, classes for Linear Circuit Analysis subjects (Mechanical Engineering Degree, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Spain) were taught in a dual way because of the COVID‐19 pandemic: students were able to attend in‐person or online, as long as the in‐person attendance limit was not surpassed. ![]() Integration of dedicated communication libraries for Open Platform Communications, Unified Architecture, with simulated programmable logic controllers such as PLCSIM and ARSim is also discussed for fully leveraging new features emerging from increased information and operational technology convergence witnessed in realistic, plant-level, environments. We describe the design, implementation and evaluation of the platform as ported onto the HUBCAP collaborative sandboxing environment for virtualized operation. A fully software-based solution has been developed in order to complement the laboratory-based system as a training digital twin. ![]() ![]() The PROSIM platform represents an integrated embedded hardware-software system for programmable logic controller automation training which provides examples in increasing order of complexity, ranging from basic digital logic up to complex manufacturing simulations and process control. Specific requirements include vendor agnostic and standards-based programming languages and availability of both physical input–output and industrial communication, while providing a rich and immersive experience through suitable human–machine interface components. The need for high-availability, efficient, training solutions for industrial automation technology is driving the adoption of new tools, software and services supporting the Industry 4.0 paradigm. ![]()
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March 2023
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